Dealing with a Breakdown 中途壞車的處理
On an ordinary road or expressway, switch on your hazard warning lights at once. If possible, get the vehicle off the roadway onto a lay-by, hard shoulder or hard strip, then switch off the engine. Get out, using the left-hand doors, only if you are sure that you and your passengers can safely get clear of the roadway and have a safe place to wait. If in doubt, stay in the vehicle with seat belts on and inform the police by mobile phone as soon as possible. Leave any animals inside with some gaps in the windows for ventilation.
Once outside, keep children under control and wait at the roadside near the rear of the vehicle, where you can see traffic coming, but well away from the carriageway and hard shoulder. Wait behind crash barriers if there are any. Do not stay on the roadway, stand in front of or at the rear of the vehicle, or try to check or repair it on the roadway. Get help promptly and do not leave the vehicle unattended for a long period.
A breakdown inside a tunnel is handled differently. You must switch off the engine, switch on the hazard warning lights immediately and seek help from the police. Then stay in the car wearing your seat belt and follow the instructions of tunnel officers or police officers. If there is smoke or a fire, however, you and your passengers should leave the vehicle as soon as possible and walk away from the direction of the smoke to a safe location, watching out for moving traffic.
A traffic sign marks the beginning of a hard shoulder, and a thick solid white line marks its edge. You must not drive, park or stop on it except in an emergency. Before rejoining the normal traffic lanes, build up speed on the hard shoulder and then look for a safe gap. Chainage markers, placed at 100 m intervals along strategic routes and some trunk roads, show the route number, travel direction and chainage. Give the details on the nearest marker accurately when you call for help.
Warning Other Drivers 警告其他駕駛人
If your vehicle is stationary on an expressway or a road with a speed limit exceeding 50 km/h because of a breakdown or emergency, you must switch on the hazard warning lights. On these roads, do not attempt to place a warning triangle or any other warning object on the carriageway. Doing so is dangerous, and the object may endanger other road users.
As a safety practice, you may also use hazard warning lights when your vehicle is likely to be a hazard to others, whether it is stationary or moving: for example, when parking, carrying out temporary loading or unloading, or braking suddenly because of congestion ahead. Make sure nothing blocks the lights from view. If necessary, switch on other lights or use other means of warning.
On roads with a speed limit up to 50 km/h, if the vehicle could obstruct traffic and it is safe to do so, stand a red warning triangle about 50 metres behind it on the same side of the road, preferably in the same lane. The triangle should have a reflective or fluorescent surface. Always walk behind roadside crash barriers, if there are any.
If the road is not straight or level, place the triangle where an oncoming driver will see it before reaching any bend or brow of a hill. If that is not safe, place it nearer the vehicle. Remember to remove the triangle when the obstruction has been cleared.
Duties After a Traffic Accident 交通意外後的責任
If you are involved in a traffic accident while driving or riding any vehicle, including a cycle, stop even if your vehicle is undamaged. If the accident involves personal injuries, or damage to a third party's vehicle, property or animal, you must stop or remain stationary. You must also give your name and address, the vehicle owner's name and address, and the vehicle registration number to a police officer or anyone with reasonable grounds for wanting them, such as the third party involved.
You must report in person to any police officer or at the nearest police station in two cases: the accident involves personal injuries, or it involves only damage to a third party's vehicle, property or animal and you failed to give those details. Report as soon as reasonably practicable and not later than 24 hours after the accident, unless your own injury makes you incapable of doing so.
If anyone is killed or injured, or any vehicle or property is seriously damaged, nobody may move or interfere with a vehicle involved without a police officer's permission, except to save life, put out a fire or deal with another emergency. After an accident inside a tunnel, do not move your vehicle; follow the advice for a breakdown inside a tunnel.
If there is only slight damage to vehicles or property and nobody is hurt, you may discuss the matter with the other drivers and third party involved, then move the vehicle to a nearby safe place at the roadside to avoid obstructing traffic. You need not report such an accident unless you need police assistance. Anyone who received a severe blow, particularly to the head, should see a doctor even if there are no external injuries.
Getting Help, Preventing Fire and First Aid 求助、防火及急救
Call 999 immediately for the police and request fire and ambulance services. Give the exact location, the number and general condition of casualties, the number and type of vehicles involved, and any dangerous goods or fire hazards. To prevent fire, switch off the engine, put out lighted cigarettes and deal with other fire hazards, and warn others to do the same. If a vehicle contains dangerous goods, keep well away unless you have to approach to save life. Gather what information you can from labels and other markings, and arrange for the police or fire brigade to be told immediately.
If you see an accident and wish to help, consider your own safety first. When you see warning signs used by emergency services, slow down to a speed below normal at which you can stop quickly and safely, and give way to emergency vehicles. If you stop to help, park at the roadside at a safe distance behind the accident, where your vehicle can easily be seen. Leave room for emergency vehicles and use your hazard warning lights. At night you can light the site with your headlamps.
Do not move injured people unless there is immediate danger, such as a fire, because this could worsen internal, back or neck injuries. If you must move them, take them only a short distance to a safer place and do not allow the neck to move. Without first aid training, it is usually better to wait for medical help, but try to help if someone is having difficulty breathing or is bleeding heavily. See to unconscious people first: remove any food, debris, fluid or false teeth from the mouth and check for breathing. If you cannot detect breathing, try mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. For serious bleeding, press very firmly on the bleeding point, then apply a pad or sterile dressing and bandage it firmly.
Keep all injured people warm and reassure them that help is coming. Do not give them pain relievers, alcohol, other drinks, food or cigarettes, because they may have internal injuries and will need medical treatment. People in shock, who are pale and sweating, should lie down with legs raised if possible, but only if they are not injured and there is no risk of internal injuries. Keep a first aid kit somewhere easy to reach, such as a glovebox, because the boot may not open after an accident.
Practice
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